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Outline
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BASIC HISTOLOGY OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
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JOINTS IN GENERAL
  • For movement and positioning
  • Wide range of motions
    • Often limited
  • Arrangement and alignment of parts have to be protected
    • Exogenous materials
    • Mechanical wear
    • Physical injury
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ANATOMIC BONES
  • Hard “shell” of compact bone
  • Internal Marrow Spaces
  • Periosteum
  • Articular Cartilage
    • No perichondrium
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BLOOD SUPPLY IN A BONE
  • Cartilage is AVASCULAR
    • Only limited repair capability
  • Synovium highly vascularized
  • Periosteum highly vascularized
  • Joint space not isolated from immune system
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SYNOVIAL
JOINTS
  • SEALED SPACES
    • Articulated ends of bones
      • Cartilage
      • Grades into synovium and periosteum
    • Joint Capsule
      • Dense CT
      • Continuous with periosteum
    • Synovium
      • Special secretory lining of cavity
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JOINT CAPSULE
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SYNOVIUM
  • Inner layer of the joint capsule
  • Discontinuous CT
    • Not a true epithelial sheet
    • CT directly exposed to fluid
    • Fibroblast-like cells
    • Macrophages
  • Highly vascular
  • Fluid similar to
  • interstitial fluid in general
    • Blood transudate

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…THE JOINT SPACE IS ACCESSIBLE TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
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THERE ARE NASTIES OUT THERE…
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SO KEEP IT CLEAN!
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CARDINAL SIGNS
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RESPONSES TO INFLAMMATION:
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INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
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TRAUMATIC INJURIES
  • Due to mechanical stress
  • Compressive and torsional forces
  • Damaged cartilage an inflammatory stimulus
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WHAT GOES UP…
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…MUST COME DOWN
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